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What is the difference between Loss on drying(LOD) and moisture content (MC)?

Given below are the differences between Loss on Drying (LOD) and Moisture Content (MC) in the context of pharmacy:

Aspect

Loss on Drying (LOD)

Moisture Content (MC)

Definition

The measurement of the weight loss of a substance upon drying

The measurement of the water content within a substance

Purpose

Determines the volatile matter in a sample

Quantifies the total water content in a sample

Method

Involves heating the sample to evaporate moisture

Utilizes a variety of techniques to assess water content

Measurement

Reported as a percentage of the initial sample weight

Reported as a percentage or absolute value of the sample weight

Applicability

Primarily used for substances that are prone to volatilize on drying

Applicable to a wide range of substances, including liquids, solids, and semi-solids

Sensitivity

Sensitive to both volatile and non-volatile components of the sample

Sensitive to all forms of water, including bound and free water

Regulatory Consideration

Some pharmacopeias define specific limits for LOD

Some pharmacopeias define limits for MC

Examples

Determining water content in excipients, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), and herbal extracts

Measuring moisture content in tablets, ointments, and creams

 

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