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Intracellular Mechanisms - Bulleted

Intracellular Mechanisms of AMPs

Beyond the membrane: Targeting essential internal processes

Translocation Without Lysis

Some proline-rich AMPs (e.g., Bac7) penetrate the bacterial membrane without causing significant disruption (non-lytic), accumulating in the cytoplasm to reach internal targets.

Nucleic Acid Interference

Cationic peptides bind electrostatically to anionic DNA/RNA, inhibiting replication and transcription machinery, effectively halting bacterial growth and division.

Protein Synthesis Inhibition

Specific AMPs target the 70S ribosome exit tunnel, blocking polypeptide chain elongation and disrupting essential protein production vital for cell survival.

Metabolic & Enzymatic Disruption

AMPs can interfere with cell wall synthesis (lipid II binding), inhibit critical enzymes, or disrupt cell division proteins, creating a multi-pronged attack strategy.

Cell Biology & Drug Development Page 9

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