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List of VITAMIN Deficiency Diseases

Following is a list of major deficiency diseases that occur due to lack of essential minerals and vitamins: “Deficiency diseases are diseases that are caused by the lack of certain essential nutrients, especially vitamins and minerals, in one’s diet over a prolonged period of time.” Types of Vitamins Deficiency Diseases A (Retinol) Night blindness B1 (Thiamine) Beri-beri B2 (Riboflavin) Retarded growth, bad skin B12 (Cyanocobalamin) Anaemia C (Ascorbic acid) Scurvy D (Calciferol) Rickets K (Phylloquinone) Excessive bleeding due to injury Types of Minerals Deficiency Diseases Calcium Brittle bones, excessive bleeding Phosphorus Bad teeth and bones Iron Anaemia Iodine Goitre, enlarged thyroid gland Copper Low appetite, retarded growth Vitamin Deficiency Diseases Vitamin is a micronutrient that is not prepared by the body in sufficient amounts. This is the reason why it is necessary to take in from outside sources for the normal functioning of the body. Inadequate intake of vitamins resul

Stages of developing drug from medicinal plants.

  At first selection the plant. Then identification this plant with the necessary chemicals. when identified it, then extraction it. Then we have to detach biological activities. Fraction of the crude extract Physico-chemical procedure and Monitored by biological test, identification and separation of the active fraction.then isolation the active Constituents by the chromatography. Then we need to test the pharmacological toxicity and determine the chemical structure. In the last step, we have to produce an appropriate dosage form of the drug.

Difference between Suspension and Emulsion

    EMULSION SUSPENSION   It is a heterogeneous mixture of two immiscible liquids   It is a heterogeneous mixture Dispersed particle do not settle on standing   Dispersed particle settle on standing     Dispersed particle size 1 to 1000 nm   Dispersed particle size more than 1000 mm   Particles are not visible through the naked eye     Particles are visible through the naked eye   It cannot be separated by filtration     It can be separated by filtration   Dispersed in solid, liquid or gas     Dispersed in liquid   Emralsifying agents are required   Suspending agents are required     Freezing should be avoided during as it leads to cracking.     Freezing should be avoided as it will

Difference between Suspension and Emulsion

  The table below shows the main differences between Suspension and Emulsion: Suspension Emulsion Type of mixture It is a heterogeneous mixture, where the dispersed particles are large and settle on standing It is a heterogeneous mixture of two immiscible liquids. It is a type of colloids and dispersed particle do not settle on standing Particle size Suspended particles of size more than 1000 nm. May be visible through the naked eye Dispersed particles of size 1 to 1000 nm. Not visible through the naked eye Dispersed phase and the Dispersion medium Solid particles are dispersed in any medium, that can be solid, gas or liquid Both dispersed phase and the dispersion medium are liquid Separation of components Can be separated by filtration Cannot be separated by filtration Scattering of light

In your laboratory you developed an emulsion preparation. But due to microbial contamination, you saw the preparation has undergone phase inversion and found the emulsion glowing under UV light. What type of emulsion have you prepared in lab? Give support in favour of your answer.

Ans: I made w/o emulsions. I'll argue for it below: We know emulsion is a two-phase heterogeneous system where one immiscible liquid is dispersed into another liquid as small droplets or globules the system is stabilized by the aid of a third component the emulsifying agent. Emulation can be w/o or o/w. o/w phase, where the internal phase oil and external phase water. And w/o phase, where the internal phase water and external phase oil. The emulsion I made, which gives phase inversion and glowing uv light. We know that Oil can absorb UV light & then glow. Taking a small amount of emulsion & placing that under UV light If the glow is continuous w/o type. If the glow in dotted pattern o/w type.Since my emulsion glows the light, it's a w/o emulsion.

মাটি

মাটি আমাদের জীবনে কেন গুরুত্বপূর্ণ? পৃথিবীর উপরিভাগের নরম আবরণই হচ্ছে মাটি। আমাদের জীবনে মাটি অনেক গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ।আমরা বিভিন্ন কাজে মাটি ব্যবহার করে থাকি। যেমনঃ ১) বিভিন্ন ধরনের উদ্ভিদ জন্মানোর জন্য আমরা মাটি ব্যবহার করে থাকি।  বেঁচে থাকার জন্য মানুষ মাটিতে ফসল ও সবজি উৎপাদন করে। ২) বসবাসের জন্য মানুষ মাটির উপরে ঘরবাড়ি ও দালানকোঠা নির্মাণ করে।  ৩) বিভিন্ন ধরনের মৃৎশিল্প তৈরিতে মাটি ব্যবহৃত হয়।  ৪) আবর্জনা ফেলার স্থান হিসেবে মাটি ব্যবহৃত হয়।  তাই মাটি আমাদের জীবনে অনেক গুরুত্বপূর্ণ।  কীভাবে আমরা ভালোভাবে উদ্ভিদ জন্মাতে পারি? সমাধান : ভালোভাবে উদ্ভিদ জন্মানোর জন্য আমরা নিচের কাজগুলো করব— ১. মাটির সঠিক পুষ্টি বজায় রাখব। ২. প্রয়োজনীয় পুষ্টি উপাদানযুক্ত সার প্রয়োগ করব। ৩. ফসল আবর্তন পদ্ধতি অবলম্বন করব। ৪. সঠিকভাবে গাছের যত্ন নিব। ৫. মাটিকে দূষণমুক্ত রাখব। মাটি দূষণের কারণগুলো লেখো। ১) যেখানে সেখানে আবর্জনা যেমন- চিপসের প্যাকেট, গৃহস্থালির বর্জ্য ইত্যাদি ফেলা। ২)কৃষি কাজে কীটনাশক ও আগাছানাশকের ব্যবহার।   ৩) শিল্পকারখানার তেল ও বিভিন্ন ক্ষতিকর পদার্থ মাটিতে ফেলা। 

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