Difference among Hypertrophy , Hyperplasia and Atrophy
Item |
Hypertrophy |
Hyperplasia |
Atrophy |
Definition |
Increase in the size
of cells resulting in increase in the size of the organ.
|
Increase in the number
of cells with a resulting increase in the size of organ. Adaptive
response in cells capable of replication
|
Decrease in the size
and number of cells by loss of cell substance ultimately resulting in
decreased size of the tissue or organ. NOTE: The atrophy cellshave diminished function
BUT are not dead
|
Types: |
A. Physiological: body builders
and pregnant uterus. B. Pathological: Adaptive –Increase intraluminal pressure in a hollow organ Compensatory: -Hypertrophy of one kidney
following nephrectomy of the other
|
A. Physiological: Hormonal: -Breast at puberty,
during pregnancy and lactation -Proliferative endometrium
after menstruation due to estrogen stimulation Compensatory: -Bone marrow hyperplasia
following haemorrhage -Liver cell
hyperplasia following partial hepatectomy B. Pathological: Hormonal: -Endometrial
hyperplasia -Benign prostatic hyperplasia. -Hyperplasia of
thyroid epithelium in
thyrotoxicosis I Irritation: -Hyperplasia of
lymphoid tissue in infections -Epidermal hyperplasia
|
A. Physiological. Generalized: senile atrophy Localized: -Atrophy of thymus
gland after puberty -Breast and ovaries
after menapause B. Pathological Generalized: -Chronic malnutrition -Chronic diseases (TB
and Malignancy) Localized: -Disuse atrophy -Neurogenic -Pressure -Ischemic (Vascular) Atrophy -Hormonal
|
Aetiology |
1.
Increased
functionaldemands causing increasedprotein synthesis 2. Specific hormonalstimulation. |
|
When nutrition, blood supply or other cell stimulants are
decreased the cell retreats to a smallersize to
achieve a newequilibrium. This takesplace through decreasedcell anabolism or
increasedcell catabolism withresulting decrease in cellorganelles.*this note
was taken from Pathology Text Book of University Of Zagazig. Page: 4 and 5
under topic ofCell Injury, Chapter One. |
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