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Difference among Hypertrophy , Hyperplasia and Atrophy

Item

Hypertrophy

Hyperplasia

Atrophy

 

 

 

Definition

Increase in the size of cells resulting in increase in the size of the organ.

 

Increase in the number of cells with a resulting increase in the size of organ.  Adaptive response in cells capable of replication

 

Decrease in the size and number of cells by loss of cell substance ultimately resulting in decreased size of the tissue or organ.

 NOTE:  The atrophy cellshave diminished function BUT are not dead

 

 

 

 

 

Types:

A. Physiological: body builders and pregnant uterus.

B. Pathological: Adaptive –Increase intraluminal pressure in a hollow organ Compensatory:

-Hypertrophy of one kidney following nephrectomy of the other

 

A. Physiological:

 Hormonal:

-Breast at puberty, during pregnancy and lactation

-Proliferative endometrium after menstruation due to estrogen stimulation

Compensatory:

-Bone marrow hyperplasia following haemorrhage

-Liver cell hyperplasia

following partial

hepatectomy

B. Pathological:

      Hormonal:

-Endometrial hyperplasia

-Benign prostatic

hyperplasia.

-Hyperplasia of thyroid

epithelium in thyrotoxicosis

I    Irritation:

-Hyperplasia of lymphoid

tissue in infections

-Epidermal hyperplasia

 

A. Physiological.

     Generalized: senile

atrophy

      Localized:

-Atrophy of thymus gland

after puberty

-Breast and ovaries after

menapause

B. Pathological

     Generalized:

-Chronic malnutrition

-Chronic diseases (TB and

Malignancy)

      Localized:

-Disuse atrophy

-Neurogenic

-Pressure

-Ischemic (Vascular)

Atrophy

-Hormonal

 

 

 

 

 

Aetiology

1.   Increased functionaldemands causing increasedprotein synthesis

2. Specific hormonalstimulation.

 

When nutrition, blood

supply or other cell

stimulants are decreased

the cell retreats to a smallersize to achieve a newequilibrium. This takesplace through decreasedcell anabolism or increasedcell catabolism withresulting decrease in cellorganelles.*this note was taken from Pathology Text Book of University Of Zagazig. Page: 4 and 5 under topic ofCell Injury, Chapter One.

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